The Effects of Colonization on Various African Countries...

In trying to analyze the link between colonial rule and nationalist rule, one cannot discount the influence of the past on the present. Analyzing nationalist actions and decisions without taking into account how society got to that point, and the situation of society when power was transferred would be asinine. The effects of colonization on various African countries through border setting and defining ethnic groups, the morphing of ethnic group disputes into class-based struggles, and the stunting of economies through failure to diversify national economies is intrinsically linked to the paths followed by leadership after attaining independence. Previous to colonial rule, African governance took place at the local level. Political power†¦show more content†¦Faced with the prospect of living in an internment or rehabilitation camp, they decided to voice their displeasure through an armed uprising. During the struggle for independence, the natives had a common cause of riddin g themselves of colonial rule. Many were able to look past the divisions that had taken hold in their communities and band together for a common cause. Once independence was achieved, however, there was far from a consensus on how to proceed in ruling their countries. Prior to colonization in Nigeria, ethnic divisions had already begun to give way to class divisions. While colonial rule obviously did not introduce these divisions, it did exacerbate them in order to be used for a political agenda. The Northern part of the country had already begun entrenching itself as the â€Å"merchant class† at the expense of the Southern citizens. (Badru, 81-82). Throughout colonial rule, this was reinforced and this allowed the Northerners to maintain political control and further their accumulation of wealth. Once independence was achieved, the North was able to solidify their stranglehold over the South in writing through their constitution. As Bardu puts it â€Å"The constitution that was forced, by the British on postcolonial Nigeria was one thatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Basil Davidson s The Black Slave Trade1248 Words   |  5 Pagesbringing the truth to light with his various videos, each of which consists of informative interviews and educational commentaries on the realities of Africa. Davidson proves the equality of both races and the advancements made on the land before the arrival of Europeans, as well as the downfall after the arrival of Europeans sufficiently with both narratives. In Different but Equal Davidson makes it his mission to inform his audience that Europeans and Africans may differ in physique, however, bothRead MoreColonialism in Africa911 Words   |  4 Pagesand disease (BBC World Service). Some changes were the result of the territorial ambitions of African rulers. As the century progressed alliances with merchants and missionaries from Europe began increasingly to have a bearing on how African leaders achieved their goals (BBC World Service). At the beginning of the century, Europeans were still extremely ignorant of the continent. The systematic colonization of Africa, which gathered momentum in the 1880s, was not even on the horizon in the firstRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad973 Words   |  4 Pagescontinent consisting of various countries, cultures and ethnic groups, but the image of Africa that is portrayed in modern media via the news, television and movies is completely different. Most media sources depict Africa as being a single country filled with villages of starving children that always have flies on their faces. This image usually comes from commercials that are trying to play on the viewer’s sympathy by emphasizing the idea of Africa needing help from western countries such as the UnitedRead More Why are Military Takeovers so Frequent in Postcolonial African Politics?1038 Words   |  5 PagesFor many years, the African continent has been a center for political unrest. Much of that p olitical unrest is blamed on the extended period of European colonization that the continent was forced to endure. Because of ethnic differences, natural resources, and ineffective governments, Africa has been subject to many military takeovers in the postcolonial period. Military takeovers are not unique to Africa. Like of many similar countries, the developing countries in Africa are naturally more susceptibleRead MoreEuropean Colonization Effects1222 Words   |  5 Pagesthe past, European countries came to the Americas looking to build their empire and gain power. They were competing to be the most powerful country and improve their economic lives. In the drive to be the most powerful European country, they started colonizing the Americas. The effects of colonization were reflected in different groups of people. Some effects were bad and some ere good. There are different perspectives about colonization. Some people think that the colonization was a great eventRead MoreColonization Of The Colonial System1473 Words   |  6 Pages Colonization is the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. Between 1870 and 1900, Africa faced European imper ialist aggression, diplomatic pressure, military invasion and eventual conquest and colonization and at the same time African societies put up various forms of resistance against the attempt to colonize their countries and impose foreign domination. However, by the early twentiethRead MoreWhy Is The Perception Of Africa Limited For Violence And Poverty?1490 Words   |  6 Pagescontinent. Today, I challenge you to disregard all that you have been told about Africa and understand that it s rich culture and resources have been in place far before most civilizations in the Western Hemisphere. Most citizens in developed countries see starving children who suffer in Africa, pleading for donations, and associate the images they see with helplessness and draw an assumption that the land of Africa is worthless. However, that is one of biggest misconceptions that are made aboutRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1462 Words   |  6 PagesAchebe explores the challenges that the local ‘Umuofia’ faced due to a sudden cultural imposition from the Europeans. The novel is also a representative of the wider picture of African cultures and the socio-economic changes that characterized the colonial era. Ideally, Achebe’s literary work shows clearly that the colonization, introduction of a foreign religion and foreign cultures threatened to tear apart the indigenous cultures of the Igbo people (Achebe, 154). Again, Achebe effectively draws theRead MoreColonization of Africa1542 Words   |  7 PagesConquests, colonization, the slave trade, and the spread of consumerist society have shaped and formed the grounds for which developing countries find themselves today. The countries of the developing world subjected to colonialism have been faced with a number of impediments throughout the years which have hindered social and economic growth, and laid the foundation which bred cultural conflict. Colonialism, however, too bought Western civilization and a ll its attractions to underdeveloped countries duringRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Moors1241 Words   |  5 Pagesand mistreatment were found out by Europeans from the Moors and the Africans themselves. One story of how a preacher obtained his, the first slave, shows the point. The Missionary purchased a slave who should be supper with a specific end goal to have the young men life saved. Persecution in Africa is deliberate and needs no remuneration! It (servitude and genocide) proceeds disregarding the Europeans attempting to show Africans a preferred path for a few hundred years. For a few,â€Å"colonialism† had

The Declaration Of Rights And Grievances - 1973 Words

By 1765, at a Stamp Act Congress, all but four colonies were represented as the â€Å"Declaration of Rights and Grievances† was passed. They were determined to let Parliament know that they were equal to British citizens, that there would be no â€Å"taxation without representation,† and all efforts to stop tax on colonists would continue (Kennedy, etal 2011.) Although Lord Rockingham, the predecessor of Grenville, sought to repeal of the Stamp Act, this in no way meant Parliament was conceding their control. In fact, while the Stamp Act was repealed, another called the â€Å"Declaratory Act of 1766,† gave Parliament the authority to make laws binding the American Colonies, â€Å"in all cases whatsoever.† In 1767, George III passed the Townshend Acts to collect tax on glass, lead, paints, paper and, tea. Recognizing that tea was a favorite among the Americans, it ensured greater revenue the British government. Again, the colonists’ rights f or representation were ignored and they started to boycott British goods and ultimately, smuggle tea. When the Quartering Act was passed, which specified that colonists were to give room and board to British troops, tension began to rise. For two years, the colonists tolerated British troops on their soil and their dissatisfaction with the British Parliament and King George III became evident through many violent riots, abusiveness of tax collectors and destruction of property. According to Kennedy, etal (2011), Parliament, continually met withShow MoreRelatedPurpose Of The Declaration Of Independence762 Words   |  4 Pagesin a document titled the Declaration of Independence. July 4th, 1776 marked a salient day in history for all Americans, when our freedom was finally given to us, and we were emancipated from Britain once and for all. The Declaration of Independence emphasizes why The United States of America separated from Britain through the Preamble, Declaration of Natura l Rights, Grievances, and the Attempts to Address Grievances. To begin, the first section of the Declaration of Independence was titledRead MoreDeclaration of Independence Docent Script Essay722 Words   |  3 Pages_________. I will be taking you through the first portion of the tour, which exhibits The Declaration of IndependenceÂâ€"the most cherished document of United States of America . Follow me please. Now does anyone know the date when the document was adopted. (Wait for responses) That is correct; the document was officially adopted on July 4, 1776. The document was formally entitled, The unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen united States of America , and was primarily written by Thomas Jefferson. IfRead MoreGovernmental Foundation in the Declaration of Independence Essay867 Words   |  4 Pages1776, the United States of Americas Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental Congress, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This document, primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, announced that the thirteen colonies were declaring their independence and, in doing so, were independent states apart from the British Empire. The Declaration of Independence is comprised mainly of colonial grievances and assertions of human rights. The Declaration of Independence formed a profound foundationRead MoreBehind The United States Constitution1040 Words   |  5 PagesArticles of Confederation were devised to ensure the natural rights of Americans were protected. Several issues surrounded the original Articles of Confederation. The question of how to strengthen the articles seemed to be quite a struggle, until the creation of the Constitution. Not only did the Constitution create stronger guidelines for the new country, but it also partnered with the Declaration of Independence in relieving some grievances of the people. One other important deal that occurred to enableRead MoreEssay On The Grievances Of The Declaration Of Independence934 Words   |  4 PagesHow are the Grievances of the Declaration of Independence addressed in the U.S. Constitution? The Grievances of the Declaration of Independence, written in 1776 primarily by Thomas Jefferson, were the enumerated reasons for the colonists establishing themselves as a nation. There are twenty-seven grievances in the Declaration of Independence, all of which are addressed in the U.S. Constitution for the welfare of the American citizens. While, the 13 original colonies were still under the controlRead MoreThe British Of The Colonists1260 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen constantly ignoring their rights and forcing taxes upon the colonies. This set an outroar in the colonies, especially in Massachusetts. Parliament had created new laws that limited the Massachusetts-bay in shipping and landing goods and also an act that for a better regulation government in this providence. All of the colonists deemed this as â€Å"Impolitic, unjust, and cruel, as well as unconstitutional, and most dangerous and destructive of American rights†(Declaration and Resolves, para. 3) ThisRead MoreThe Economic, Military And Civil Grievances And The Declaration Of Independence1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe economic, military and civil grievances were essential in drafting the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration is one of the most admired and eloquent proclamations in American history. The document’s goal was to announce the independence of the original thirteen colonies by listing grievances concerning the tyranny of King George III of Great Britain. These original colonies were the first to come together to form the United States. It was adopted in its final form on July 4, 1776. TheRead MoreSeneca Falls Convention And New York888 Words   |  4 PagesSeneca Falls Convention was the first woman’s rights convention in the United States. The assembly was organized by many women who were present in abolition and temperance movements, and lasted for two days, July 19–20 on 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York. The convention’s main purpose was to bring attention to unequal treatment of women, and brought about 300 women, including around 40 men. The Seneca Falls Convention played a major role in women’s rights throughout the United States and is composedRead MoreDavid Walker’s Appeal a Logical Extension of the Principals of American Revolution1428 Words   |  6 Pagesstrugg le for their rights they do so not just for themselves but for every one that falls under them. The American Revolution too started off when America came together and began fighting for the rights of its citizens. British indifference towards the grievances of the colonies and the realization by the colonists of their rights eventually led them to secede from Britain. David Walker’s Appeal, similar to the American Revolution, is based on the core principal of equal rights for people of AfricanRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of the Declaration of Independence Essays1206 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Quang Thai Professor Allison English 101 2 September 2014 Rhetorical Analysis In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, one of the founding fathers of the United States, explains to his readers why the colonies chose to abolish Great Britain’s government. His goal is to inform the readers that the government has certain responsibilities to the governed and that the British failed to adhere to its responsibilities to its colonists. His second goal is to justify their actions by explaining

Developmental Psychologist Erik Erikson s Stages Of...

Developmental psychologist Erik Erikson changed the way that people viewed the psychosocial development in humans throughout their lifespan. Using the foundation provided by Freud’s psychosexual stages, he modified the concepts to where they demonstrated external impacts on development as well as making it more about emotional conflicts than necessarily physical drives. This eight-stage theory is sequential, and requires the person to overcome conflicts in each stage to become a productive member of society (https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/human-development-14/theories-of-human-development-70/erikson-s-stages-of-psychosocial-development-269-12804/). These stages are: trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame, initiative versus guilt, industry versus inferiority, identity versus role confusion, intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, and integrity versus despair. Starting from birth, a human begins their journey into forming their personality. The foundation begins with trust versus mistrust. From birth, a baby needs immediate care in order to be safe and secure in their brand new environment. Up to around one years old, this stage emphasizes the importance of a caregiver to be consistent and reliable in providing for the needs of the infant. That way, the child will develop a sense of security in trust in the unknown world to which they have recently been exposed toShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson s Stages Of Development1608 Words   |  7 Pages The Psychosocial Development The View on Erik H. Erikson s Stages of Development Frank Phan Cosumnes River College Psychology 300 Abstract This paper will touch over the aspects of Erik H Erickson s eight stages and how they affect everyday lives from infancy to adulthood. The paper will go over the approximate ages and the psychosocial crisis that they will eventually come to. Neglecting a child can lead to a cause of mental negligence in the form of Arrested Development. Within differentRead MoreAnalysis Of Eriksons Theory On Early Childhood Education1212 Words   |  5 Pagesthe education profession. Erik Erikson Hope is both the earliest and the most indispensable virtue inherent in the state of being alive. If life is to be sustained hope must remain, even where confidence is wounded, trust impaired. - Erik Erikson Erik Erikson (1902-1994) was a Germon born developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human lie. He is most famous for devising the phrase â€Å"identity crisis.† Erikson was a Harvard professor althoughRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Mcadams 1154 Words   |  5 Pageslife stories of different psychologists , he provide a real recollection of life stories and narrative approaches that recent researcher and theories have apply to understand human behavior. This article integrates recent theories and researchers of life stories as illustrated the investigation of self-understanding, personal memory, personality structure and change, and the relations between the personal lives and cultural. The article provides a numerous of psychologist stories and the contributionsRead MoreThe Theorist I Choose For This Paper That I Believe I Relate1509 Words   |  7 Pagesmost is Erik Erikson. Erik Erikson is best known for his theo ry on identity, which was a theory that was broadened from Sigmund Freud while retaining its core work (Schultz, D. Schultz, S., 2013). Erik Erikson’s mother, who was Jewish, became pregnant but a man that was not her husband after her husband’s disappearance. She was sent to Germany, where she gave birth to Erik. Erik Erikson grew up believing his pediatrician was his biological father due to his mother marrying this man. Since Erik EriksonRead MoreCompare and contrast the developmental life span theories742 Words   |  3 PagesUrie Bronfenbrenner perspective on lifespan development was the bio-ecological approach which suggest that five levels if the environment simultaneously influence indviduals. He tagged different aspects or levels of environment that influences a child’s development. Urie Bronfenbrenner five major systems are called microsystem; which is everyday immediate environment in which children lead their daily lives. Second is the mesosystem; which provides connections between the various aspects of the microsystemRead MoreThe Eight Crisis Stages Of Erik Erikson Development Theory1456 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomena and facilitate predictions. With development the series of age-related changes that happen over the course of a life span which theorist observe these developments as a series of stages during which individuals displays qualities of behavior patterns. There are five theoretical orientation to development such as psychoanalytic, cognitive, behavioral and social cognitive, ethological, and ecological. It is a fact that these developmental theories don’t typically agree with one anotherRead MoreErik Erikson s Development Theory1408 Words   |  6 Pages Erik Erikson’s Development theory Erik Erikson’s was born June 15, 1902, in southern Germany, His Jewish mother Karla Abrahamsen and to biological father, who was on unnamed Darnish man. Erikson’s biological abandoned him before he was born. Erikson was brought up by his mother and stepfather, Theodor Homberger, who was Erikson’s pediatrician. He never knew the true identity of his biological father. He always was in search of his identity; Erikson’s search for identity took him through someRead MoreThe Differences Between Adult And Adolescent Thinking Essay887 Words   |  4 Pagesolder, we no longer concern ourselves with self-identity or the opinions of others, but instead we focus on our accomplishments and evaluate our life (if we lived a meaningful life). From adolescence to late adulthood, we experience different developmental tasks at a particular place in our life span. Our cognitive processes, such as how we think, remember, decide and perceive, change over time. There is a substantial difference between adult and adolescent thinking. Adult thinking differsRead MoreErik Homburger Erikson s Life1864 Words   |  8 PagesErik Homburger Erikson was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany on June 15, 1902. Erik’s parents were both Danish. Erik’s father abandoned his mother, Karla Abrahamsen before Erikson was born. Karla raised Erikson alone for the first three years of his life in Frankfurt until she remarried Erikson’s pediatrician, Dr. Theodore Homburger. Karla and Theodore moved to Karlsruhe in southern Germany and raised Erikson. Erikson went by Erik Homburger as a child and young adult until he eventually changedRead MoreJoan Eriksons Stages Of Psychosocial Development792 Words   |  4 PagesEriksons stages of psychosocial development, as articulated by Erik Erikson, in collaboration with Joan Erikson,[1] is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages, in which a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood. All stages are present at birth but only begin to unfold according to both a natural scheme and ones ecological and cultural upbringing. In each stage, the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challenges

Performance Enhancing Drugs Speech (Issues) Free Essays

Lets be honest here, taking drugs to improve performance isn’t a spur-of-the-moment mistake, its a well planned and thought out way of cheating. It’s not like they are sold over the counter at your local chemists (or are they? ) People often say they don’t want to see druggies representing their country (wherever they are from) and so they should be banned for life, but can athletes that take performance enhancing drugs be labeled as druggies. Their physically fit in shape and generally healthy, everything a typical idea of a druggie isn’t. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Enhancing Drugs Speech (Issues) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lifetime bans could produce fewer convictions, because harsher punishment means greater â€Å"burden of proof† First, the reality is that a lifetime ban represents the harshest possible punishment for an athlete, for it takes away their livelihood, often without a fall-back plan (ask a 26-year-old cyclist what their second career option is, for example). It is, literally, a case of â€Å"off with their heads†, because you may as well do this. Now, in order to do this fairly, you have to be absolutely, 100% certain that you are punishing a person who deserves it. And sadly, the science is, as of this moment, not able to provide those guarantees, and there is always some doubt if an athlete wants to contest the origin of a doping positive. So ask the following: â€Å"If there is a 2% chance of a false positive test, then how comfortable are we issuing lifetime bans? † Then ask: â€Å"If there is a 10% chance of the positive dope test being the result of contamination of supplements, then are we comfortable with a lifetime ban? Now, imagine being the decision maker who has to evaluate a legal case where the athlete says: â€Å"I do not contest the positive dope test, but my defence is that it came from a supplement (or meat). I was therefore not cheating. † Can you confidently judge and condemn this person as a cheat? Given the science of anti-doping today, and the complexity of these cases, I’d argue that you simply cannot make this decision, and if your punishment option is to hand out a lifetime ban, I’d argue th at you’re far less likely to find dopers guilty when presented with this defence! We do not want our young people looking up to people who use drugs, but we also do not want to give those who are in admired positions of proposed authority to be forgiven of their sins. However, we are more than willing to allow those who use illicit street drugs a second and third, sometimes even a fourth chance at resolving themselves from what, these days, is being regarded as a disease instead of what it started out as- a very poor personal choice on the person who is now using. Steroids are not safe. We all know this. Use of these sorts of drugs, when not prescribed for an actual ailment, cause more damage than good. We do not like when our heroes are found out to simultaneously be human as well as talented. It is far easier to see this sort of behavior when it is displayed by a rock star or a spoiled rich kid, but when it is our heroes, we want to punish them severely, and more so than we would if the person in question were some street hooligan with no hope for a future. We will gladly help the hooligan, because that makes us a hero. We have helped a person lift themselves out of a personal and spiritual poverty and in the process have been given the chance to tell the world that because of something that we did, whether it is directly or indirectly, that person is now, in the eyes of better society, whole again, and it was all due to something we did for them. We are more willing to uplift an entire population of people who cannot even remember their name rather than allow those who could be the example of having done the bad thing, and now, after a lot of work and LOTS of apologizing, be the example that they were cut out to be. I say let them have a second and third chance at it all. And why not? We let crack heads, meth heads, alcoholics and wife beaters do it. Why not someone who has access to the media who can truly be the role model that they did not ask to be when they signed those multi-million dollar contracts? How to cite Performance Enhancing Drugs Speech (Issues), Essay examples

Performance Enhancing Drugs Speech (Issues) Free Essays

Lets be honest here, taking drugs to improve performance isn’t a spur-of-the-moment mistake, its a well planned and thought out way of cheating. It’s not like they are sold over the counter at your local chemists (or are they? ) People often say they don’t want to see druggies representing their country (wherever they are from) and so they should be banned for life, but can athletes that take performance enhancing drugs be labeled as druggies. Their physically fit in shape and generally healthy, everything a typical idea of a druggie isn’t. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Enhancing Drugs Speech (Issues) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lifetime bans could produce fewer convictions, because harsher punishment means greater â€Å"burden of proof† First, the reality is that a lifetime ban represents the harshest possible punishment for an athlete, for it takes away their livelihood, often without a fall-back plan (ask a 26-year-old cyclist what their second career option is, for example). It is, literally, a case of â€Å"off with their heads†, because you may as well do this. Now, in order to do this fairly, you have to be absolutely, 100% certain that you are punishing a person who deserves it. And sadly, the science is, as of this moment, not able to provide those guarantees, and there is always some doubt if an athlete wants to contest the origin of a doping positive. So ask the following: â€Å"If there is a 2% chance of a false positive test, then how comfortable are we issuing lifetime bans? † Then ask: â€Å"If there is a 10% chance of the positive dope test being the result of contamination of supplements, then are we comfortable with a lifetime ban? Now, imagine being the decision maker who has to evaluate a legal case where the athlete says: â€Å"I do not contest the positive dope test, but my defence is that it came from a supplement (or meat). I was therefore not cheating. † Can you confidently judge and condemn this person as a cheat? Given the science of anti-doping today, and the complexity of these cases, I’d argue that you simply cannot make this decision, and if your punishment option is to hand out a lifetime ban, I’d argue th at you’re far less likely to find dopers guilty when presented with this defence! We do not want our young people looking up to people who use drugs, but we also do not want to give those who are in admired positions of proposed authority to be forgiven of their sins. However, we are more than willing to allow those who use illicit street drugs a second and third, sometimes even a fourth chance at resolving themselves from what, these days, is being regarded as a disease instead of what it started out as- a very poor personal choice on the person who is now using. Steroids are not safe. We all know this. Use of these sorts of drugs, when not prescribed for an actual ailment, cause more damage than good. We do not like when our heroes are found out to simultaneously be human as well as talented. It is far easier to see this sort of behavior when it is displayed by a rock star or a spoiled rich kid, but when it is our heroes, we want to punish them severely, and more so than we would if the person in question were some street hooligan with no hope for a future. We will gladly help the hooligan, because that makes us a hero. We have helped a person lift themselves out of a personal and spiritual poverty and in the process have been given the chance to tell the world that because of something that we did, whether it is directly or indirectly, that person is now, in the eyes of better society, whole again, and it was all due to something we did for them. We are more willing to uplift an entire population of people who cannot even remember their name rather than allow those who could be the example of having done the bad thing, and now, after a lot of work and LOTS of apologizing, be the example that they were cut out to be. I say let them have a second and third chance at it all. And why not? We let crack heads, meth heads, alcoholics and wife beaters do it. Why not someone who has access to the media who can truly be the role model that they did not ask to be when they signed those multi-million dollar contracts? How to cite Performance Enhancing Drugs Speech (Issues), Essay examples

Unwanted Sexual Experiences Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Unwanted Sexual Experiences. Answer: Introduction This article is going to give a summary on the topic unwanted but consensual sex among adults. It will discuss about the fact that how recent research has shown that people give their consent to sexual activities like petting kissing and even intercourse but however they do not want to, therefore many people has started engaging themselves in sexual interaction through social media which is known as sexting and give a brief summary on this topic. Further it will give a critical evaluation on this particular topic and will give a review on the ideas and arguments that is being presented and finally. Lastly it will give a conclusion by jotting down the major points of the argument and giving an overall gist of the research article. Summary This article deals with some major issues of our society and how peoples psychology works, the communication these days are mostly dependent on the computer-mediated communication like social networking and texting, has become very popular in terms of personal communication among the adults. Sexting has become a major mode of consensual communication. These sexual behaviors have become a regular thing in the extended world. These computer mediated communication have become more popular because these take less persuasion and the conversation can be entirely fabricated. Therefore the main objective of this research is to examine the frequency of unwanted but consensual sexting as well as the motivations foe attachment patterns associated with this behavior. This type of activity is mainly done by young adults of this generation and has been found between this age group. The characteristic of these types of sexual activity in a relationship are a subjected to this sexual compliance. (Bu rkett, 2015) The researchers suggest that approximately one half of the sample has engaged in unwanted but consensual sexting with a committed partner. It has been observed that mostly these types of consensual sexting are done for flirtation or foreplay to fulfill their respective partners need. This research basically shows that how the computer is becoming more real for people than the real world. People have become so dependent on this technological world to fulfill their needs from this as well. This article includes the field of exploring the use on groups, individuals and society. To an extant this behavior also comes from the emotional stability of a person. For instance it has been reported that 50% of women reported engaging in unwanted consensual sex as opposed 35% men. (Tobin, Drouin, 2013) According to the research this difference is because the sexual urges of a man is much more than a woman and therefore just meet their partner sexual urges most of the women gave int o unwanted consensual sex with which they can satisfy their need. This article shows how the non virgin females also support this unwanted consensual sex as this save their virginity and fulfill their needs. It has been a plus for both men and women as for those men who are shy and are not comfortable, and it is also good for women who want to save their virginity and yet experience consensual sex through sexting. Critical Evaluation According to Lehrer, Lehrer and Koss (2013), the prevailing model of sexual wanting polarizes sexual activities into two varieties, the wanted consensual sexual activity and the unwanted non consensual sexual activity. Other than the basic logical cause of this type of computer-mediate sex is that to an extent its safe, but research has shown that there are people who are in a romantic relationship and have desire of getting intimate with their partner, yet they avoid it and stick to sexting just because they fear that their respective partners might abandon them. Therefore they stick to this cause just because of fear. According to Akre et al., (2013), people who have high attachment anxiety are more inclined towards sex for emotional intimacy and closeness. On the other hand people who avoid attachment and emotional closeness they are more into casual sex. In this research according to the primary research it shows that a great number of women are subjected to both anxious and avoi dant attachment and they are more driven towards unwanted but consensual sexual experience. This kind of consensual sex might take the generation towards a negative environment which will make a robotic society. There will be no intimacy and emotion left, sexting or any kind of interaction makes a person more distant from the real world. On the other hand Drouin, and Tobin (2014), stated that by both men and women has different reason for engaging themselves into this unwanted sex. According to the secondary data this type of activity is mainly done by young adults of this generation and has been found between this age group. For the young generation and especially for girls it has become even safer as there is no fear of getting pregnant, therefore through this consensual sex, they can fulfill their needs as well. According to Katz and Schneider (2015), this kind of sexual relationship is changing the world into robotic place; this can push people towards emptiness. It made every i ndividuals relationship more complicated, it is understood that these days life has been busy and thereafter people have no time to communicate to each other. Social media has already brought a tremendous change in the word; it has already decreased face to face contact with people and now the most private and special intimacy. As per Jozkowski (2014), most of the young adults think that this is an easy access to intimacy and most of the youngster promotes intimacy in this gesture. Researchers believe that in this way they are able to satisfy their partner and avoid the tension of getting pregnant. This new idea has given out both positive and negative effects in the society. However this will end up in a more Conclusion The article shows that computer is taking up on human behavior. Initially people used to go behind technology to talk to each other and now they are going behind technology to have physical intimacy. As per the research this unwanted consensual sex has a strong outcome and people are encouraging this and adapting this way of intimacy. This article shows that the sexual need is there in every human being be it men or women, but their way to express it has changed with time. References Akre, C., Chabloz, J. M., Belanger, R. E., Michaud, P. A., Suris, J. C. (2013). Unwanted sexual experiences among adolescents: shedding light on the gray zone between consensual and non-consensual sex.International journal of adolescent medicine and health,25(1), 69-74. Burkett, M. (2015). Sex (t) talk: A qualitative analysis of young adults negotiations of the pleasures and perils of sexting.Sexuality Culture,19(4), 835-863. Drouin, M., Tobin, E. (2014). Unwanted but consensual sexting among young adults: Relations with attachment and sexual motivations.Computers in Human Behavior,31, 412-418. Drouin, M., Ross, J., Tobin, E. (2015). Sexting: a new, digital vehicle for intimate partner aggression?.Computers in human behavior,50, 197-204. Jozkowski, K. N., Sanders, S., Peterson, Z. D., Dennis, B., Reece, M. (2014). Consenting to sexual activity: The development and psychometric assessment of dual measures of consent.Archives of sexual behavior,43(3), 437-450. Katz, J., Schneider, M. E. (2015). (Hetero) sexual compliance with unwanted casual sex: Associations with feelings about first sex and sexual self-perceptions.Sex Roles,72(9-10), 451-461. Lehrer, J. A., Lehrer, E. L., Koss, M. P. (2013). Unwanted sexual experiences in young men: Evidence from a survey of university students in Chile.Archives of sexual behavior,42(2), 213-223. Tobin, E., Drouin, M. (2013). Sexting: a possible route to physical and sexual covictimization. In16th annual student research and creative endeavor symposium, Fort Wayne, I

Issues Relating To Collaborative Working within a Childcare Setting

Introduction Childcare has increasingly grown popular in many countries across the world. United Kingdom in particular, has developed mechanisms that would ensure that it has a system that would support children from very tender age. Nussbaum (2002, p. 28) says that for a long period, the position held by children in the society has been regarded as a concern for individual families.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Issues Relating To Collaborative Working within a Childcare Setting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although families have cherished their children, the society has not been able to look at the issue of childcare as a responsibility of the entire fraternity of the community. Childcare centers offer a forum where different parents come together, in collaboration with teachers and other professionals, to take care of children in a community setting. Inasmuch as many families protect and care for their c hildren at family level, there are families that have shown lack of concern to their children. Morrison (2008, p. 45) notes that parents who are drunkards, drug addicts or are just social misfits have abused their children in various ways according to the report by UK Department of Education 2004 (Morrison 2008, p. 64). This has seen many children go without the basic needs of food shelter and clothing, not to mention education. This happens, not because the parent is not in a position to provide for this, but because in one way or the other, the parent is irresponsible (Darder Rodolfo 2003, p. 39). The need to form a communal approach towards handling children has developed. In United Kingdom, many Childcare institutions are developed to help in caring for children on various bases. There are orphanages for the orphaned and childcare institution where families drop their children in the morning and pick them in the evening. This essay is based on the latter. The author seeks to in vestigate issues relating to collaborative working within a childcare setting. The research seeks to investigate ways through which a child moving from one institution to another can be helped to ensure a smooth transition. It seeks to investigate the role of teaching assistant, and the collaborative role of the parent, the teacher, and other responsible stakeholders in enhancing the general welfare of the child.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Planning and Preparation Nardi (2001, p. 24) stated that failing to plan is planning to fail. Every successful activity must be carefully planned for success to be achieved. In a childcare institution, the management needs to plan for the various activities in order to have smooth running of such institution. The planning and preparation stage should entail how children would be taken care of when they are within the facilities, clearly outlini ng individuals who will be performing different activities at various stages. The institution would need to assign teachers and other staff different duties as far as the management of these children is concerned. Panning is very important because through it an individual or organization is able to focus ahead on what needs to be achieved within a specified period. In any given childcare institution, there should be a proper blue print on how various activities would be carried out and the specific individuals who would be carrying them out. In this regard, there should be a clear definition of duty at hand. Morrison (2008, p. 35) asserts that no one can claim to perform a duty he or she does not properly understand. It is through planning that an individual would comprehend the magnitude of task ahead of him or her. The planning process should incorporate all the stakeholders within the childcare facility. According to Hurst (2007, p. 36), planning is a very important stage that re quires effort of every stakeholder in an organization. This idea is supported by Hurst (2007, p. 36), who says that when the junior employees are incorporated in the process of planning, they would be motivated as they would feel their contributions are appreciated by the management. As this is a collaborative work that involves teachers, parents and other professional individuals within a childcare set up, all of them should have specific duties clearly drawn in the original plan. The parents have a role to play. Besides bringing the child to the center, the parent should meet the financial obligations that may be necessary to ensure smooth running of the institution.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Issues Relating To Collaborative Working within a Childcare Setting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The parent should also be in close touch with the teacher and share information about the child. Other professiona ls concerned in this process should also have their duties clearly defined. According to Bush (2003, p. 48) collaboration requires that all individuals concerned appreciates their respective duties and shows commitment towards performing such duties. The administration should lay a plan on how all the concerned parties are going to relate to one another in the quest to achieving collective goal of ensuring the well being of the child. As Hurst (2007, p. 36) observes, this would make the follow-up process much easier. The parents are very important part of this collaboration because of their financial and moral support to the institution. There should be a clear communication between the childcare unit and the parents. The parents should be involved in the activities of the childcare center and the management should always respect their wish. Bottery (2001, p. 43) notes that in the plan, there should be a statement defining how the institution will relate to the national, state and l ocal government. According the Children’s Act 2004 of the constitution, the role of childcare units within United Kingdom is clearly defined (Morrison 2008, p. 28). There are specific expectations that must be met by such institutions for them to be considered to be working within the set standards. The management should therefore lay the program down and set the standards to be met by every stakeholder that would ensure that the institution performs to the expectation of all the concerned parties. As Cogan and Webb (2002, p. 56) notes, care should be taken to ensure that every individual takes the responsibility meant for him or her, without pushing this duty to another individual. Parent should know what they are expected to do and avoid pushing this duty to teachers. Teachers on the other hand should not be too assuming as to believe that some duties are automatically performed by the parents. There should be a close communication between the individuals to ensure that the y both perform their duties as is expected of them.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lastly, every childcare institution should appreciate the fact that due to mobility of parents caused by career reasons or otherwise, there would be frequent need to ensure that children who move into the unit, and out of it does so without any adverse effect. There should be mechanisms that would facilitate a smooth transition of children out of the institution without a strong sense of nostalgia (Austin 2007, p. 51). To the children coming from other institutions, plans are needed to eliminate any melancholic moods that may come out of the memory of the previous institution. The management should ensure that such children are enough moral support that would help them adapt to the new environment. This would help the child feel more relaxed hence find it easy to adapt to the new set up. Child Development and Supporting Transition As stated above, issues relating to job would see parents move from one state to another or from one locality to another, forcing them to move their child ren from one school to another. Reynolds (2011, p. 19) observes that young children socializes very fast. He states that this is the stage in life where socialization comes automatically, once two young individuals meet. They would be driven into socializing by the need to play. Save for the few who are extra ordinarily shy, children would take little time to socialize. However, this scholar observes that these children can also develop attachments. He notes that once they adapt to a given community, they will be affected by any movement from it, just like an adult would. This effect is what should either be minimized or eliminated if possible. For this to be done with success, Kohl (2000, p. 97) suggests that there should be a corporation between the teaching assistant, the parents and the management of childcare institutions. The discussion below gives a comprehensive analysis of the role of the three named people (teaching assistant, parent, and management). Teaching Assistantâ⠂¬â„¢s Role The person with the greatest responsibility in the entire system of childcare is the teaching assistant. Gardner (2006, p. 31) noted that at every point in a child’s development there would either be two parents or two categories of parent. The two parent would be the father and mother. Some children may lack either of the two or both due to death, divorce or any other reason. The two categories of parent are the biological parent (if they are alive) or guardians, and the teacher. In case the child lives in an orphanage, then a parental figure (a priest, sponsor, a relative) would develop, besides the teacher who in this case would be the immediate parent. A teacher features most in the development of a child from the above philosophy. A teaching assistant role defines the operational activities of the entire institution. A teacher as a parent One of the most important roles of a teaching assistant is his or her role as a secondary parent to the child. Children wh o came to these institutions are always of tender age. Given the opportunity, they would like to stay with their parents for they still need the care. However, because of commitments of the parent, and the need for them to start learning, these children find themselves in childcare centers. As a teacher, there is need to appreciate the fact that these children need parental care (Gardner 2006, p. 12). The teaching assistant should make a deliberate attempt to ensure that he or she has a comprehensive knowledge of each individual child. This involves understanding strength and weaknesses of a given child. With this knowledge, teaching assistant can then device mechanisms, custom made for every child, to ensure that the child feels free within the childcare center. To a new child who has just come to the institution, the teaching assistant should make efforts to ensure that they feel welcome (Lindon 2006, p. 43). They should be made to feel part of this new family as soon as would be possible. They teaching assistant should be kind to such new students and encourage other students to be friendly to the child too. In case a child is to leave the unit for another, the teaching assistant should make them feel that the place they are going to is as good as the place they are leaving (Austin 2007, p. 67). Any fear that such a child may be having about new institution should also be addressed before the departure of the child. A teacher as a motivator and talent developer Children of this age would need to be motivated in order to be in a position to meet the expectation of the parent, the childcare facility, and the government. From this tender age, they should be convinced that they could achieve, if only a little more effort is put in every activity that children perform (Leithwood Steinbach 1999, p. 34). A teaching assistant can also note a talent in this child at this tender age. This may be a special ability to sing or play, or keen interest in a given art, lik e drawing or painting. A teacher as an educator Education is the main thing, besides proper care, that makes parents opt to bring their children to such institutions, other than leaving them with house helps. Teaching assistant has the obligation to ensure that the child learns the basics of language and mathematics. According to the report by Effective Provision of Pre-School Education based on the research that they did for the period between 1997 to 2004, pre-school children should be allowed maximum time to play (Austin 2007, p. 78). However, an ample time should also be allocated to simple leaning of basic Mathematics and English language. In so doing, the teaching assistant should make use of teaching aids to enhance memory of the child. A teacher as a disciplinarian Ethics is very important. A child ought to grow up appreciating the fact that some actions are not recommended by the society and that they can warrant punishment. Blank (2004, p. 38) says that this is arguably th e toughest duty of the teacher in every learning institution. This scholar notes that corporal punishment is strictly prohibited in learning institutions and can lead to litigation if committed by the teacher. However, this scholar notes that it is what every child fears the most, and one that can make them act with restraints. For this matter, teaching assistant must devise ways of imparting discipline in children without inducing pain on them. This may involve making them appreciate the society’s moral standards, and consequences that some actions have (Baum, Viens Slatin 2005, p. 11). Teacher as Role Model As role models to the children, teaching assistants should conduct themselves with a sense of decorum that would make them admirable to children. Their acts should reflect what they expect of the child when it grows up. Managements Role The management may not have direct influence on the transition of a child from one institution to another. However, they have strong in fluence on how new children brought to their institution would easily adapt to the new environment and develop (Strauss Corbin 1990, p. 73). It should provide teaching assistants with appropriate teaching materials. It should also ensure the institution is well equipped with recreational facilities for the children. They should also be a link between parents and teachers. Parents Role A parent has a major role to play in the development of a child, and supporting transition of the child from one school to another. It may not be avoidable to move from one geographical location to another. However, parents should make an effort to reduce frequency of moving from one childcare center to another. Aristotle (1998, p. 43) said that it is easier for a child to develop in such aspects as social esteem and knowledge if subjected to one environment without frequent movements. The parents should also provide both moral and material support to their children. They should constantly make their children believe that they can make it in life. They should also make an effort to follow up the performance of their children in morals and in academics, with the teacher concerned (Cheminais 2006, p. 31). Managing Parents’ Expectation The Common Core and State Standards clearly states what a learner should achieve at every stage of education. This is the expectation the parents have; it is the expectation that childcare centers should fulfill. There are cases where the expectation of the parents is more than what the childcare unit can meet (Griswold 2004, p. 37). The best way to manage such expectation is through effective communication with the parents to keep them informed of the institutions current capacities, plans, and other issues related to expectation. Keeping Parents Informed As stated above, childcare is a collective responsibility. Both the parents and the teachers have a great role to play. Bolman and Deal (1997, p. 71) observes that teachers spend more time w ith the children. A child leaves home early in the morning when the parent is busy preparing to go to work, and come back late at night when the parent is too tired to give it an appropriate. The teacher spends most of the time with the child. The teacher is also to get to know the child better through reports from fellow pupils. Therefore, there is need by the teaching assistant to communicate effectively with the parents (Austin 2007, p. 31). In so doing, the parent would get updated on every improvement made by their children. They can help teachers understand their pupils better by informing them of their strengths and weaknesses. This close coordination would increase possibilities of the parent getting satisfied with what the childcare offers (Freire 2006, p. 6). Multi-Agency Working The UK Department of Education, in a report dubbed Every Child Matters: Change for Children, encourages corporation between agencies in a bid to ensure that a child achieves the most of their pote ntial (Hansen 2007, p. 34). The report encourages corporation between schools, government agencies, sports organizations, GPS, and the entire community. A child needs an all round molding in order to ensure that they develop properly. This would require the above-mentioned institutions to work as a unit to ensure that this is achieved. The government, as the regulator, should always ensure that all the concerned organizations could collaborate in an enabling environment that would facilitate achievement of the set goals. Information Sharing Within the Workplace Zipes (1997, p. 41) said that to information is one of the most important tools in a man’s life. In every organization, there is need to ensure that information flows smoothly from one office or individual to the other. Within a childcare unit, there are a number of officers working in various departments. All these individuals in various departments work hand in hand to ensure that the collective goal of the organizat ion is achieved. As the parents share with the administration about the child, the administration should in turn share the same with the teaching assistants so that they are duly informed (Leithwood Steinbach1999, p. 46). The teaching assistant should also share amongst themselves about any discoveries they might have made about a particular child. Conclusion The society has come to embrace the fact that childcare is a role of the entire community other than being the role a parent or a teacher. Childcare instructions play a vital role in offering children related services when parents are at their workplaces. In order to run such institutions properly, there is need for planning. Such institutions also need to develop ways through which parents’ expectations are properly managed. Also of importance is the need for different institutions collaborating in a bid to have better care for children. Information sharing should be encouraged among such institutions. List of Referenc es Aristotle, 1998, The Nicomachean Ethics, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Austin J 2007, The Art of Teaching, Noir Publishing, New York. Austin, J 2007, The Last Snake Man, Noir Publishing, New York. Baum, S, Viens, J Slatin, B 2005, Multiple intelligences in the elementary classroom: a teacher’s toolkit, Teachers College Press, New York. Blank, 2004, â€Å"Teaching qualitative data analysis to graduate students†, Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 22, no. 2, pp 187-196. Bolman, L Deal, T 1997, Reframing Organizations: artistry, choice and leadership, Jossey Bass, San Francisco. Bottery, M 2001, â€Å"Globalization and the UK competition state: no room for transformational leadership in education?† School Leadership and Management, Vol. 21, no. 1, pp 34-78. Bush, T 2003, Theories of Educational Management, Sage, London. Cheminais, R 2006, Every Child Matters: A practical guide for teachers, David Fulton Publishers, London. Cogan, D Webb, J 2002, Introduc ing children’s literature, Routledge, New York. Darder, A Rodolfo, D 2003, The critical pedagogy reader, Routledge, New York. Freire, P 2006, Pedagogy of the oppressed Continuum International Publishing Group, Wiley, New York. Gardner, H 2006, Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons, Basic Books, New York. Griswold, J 2004, The meaning of ‘Beauty The beast’: a handbook, Broadview Press, New York. Hansen, D 2007, Ethical Visions of Education, Teachers College Press, New York. Hurst, C 2007, Social Inequality, Pearson Education, Boston. Kohl, H 2000,The Discipline of Hope: Learning from a Lifetime of Teaching. New York: New Press. Leithwood, K Steinbach, R 1999, Changing Leadership for Changing Times, Open University Press, Buckingham. Lindon, J 2006, Equality In Early Childhood: Linking Theory and Practice, Hodder Arnold, London. Morrison, G 2008, Early Childhood Education Today, Pearson Education, New York. Nardi, D 2001, Multiple Intelligence and Personality Typ e, Telos Publications, New York. Nussbaum, M 2002, For Love of Country? Beacon Press, Boston. Reynolds, K 2011, Children’s literature: a very short introduction, Oxford Press, Gosport. Strauss, A Corbin, J 1990, Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques, Sage Publications, Newbury Park. Zipes, J. 1997, Happily ever after: fairy tales, children and the culture industry, New York, Routledge. 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