18th and 19th Amendments Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

18th and 19th Amendments - Research Paper Example This paper tells that both the 18th and 19th amendments to the American Constitution and their implementation history show such a complex path of rising and fall. The 18th amendment, that came into effect between 1920 and 1933, prohibited manufacture, selling and transportation of alcohol in the country. The 19th amendment was ratified in 1920, which made constitutional the right of every citizen to cast vote in elections without being discriminated on the basis of race or gender. The alcohol prohibition amendment had to be later repealed as there was â€Å"widespread abuses of†¦(the)†¦ law†. But the 19th amendment stood the test of time and despite the attempts to legally contest it, the amendment was endorsed by Supreme Court as part of the Constitution. The 18th amendment had become a historical necessity because of the poverty and economic backwardness that grew in the society, as associated with drinking. In the first century and half of the colonial rule in Ame rica, drinking was considered quite a normal entertainment activity. Though drunkenness was considered as a vice, the blame always went to the drinker, not to those who manufactured or sold alcohol. But slowly, people came to understand the real nature of alcohol that is addictive and unhealthy. Thus alcohol came to be identified with poverty, breakage of peace in the family and also in the social fabric as well. The late 1800s and early 1900s saw the formation of temperance societies which campaigned against alcoholism. Though by 1916, 23 states enacted prohibition laws, it was the 18th amendment, passed in 1920, that applied prohibition to the whole of the nation. The major drawback of this legislation which eventually led to its repeal (owing to being ineffective), was that it only prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor, while possession, consumption or home production were not banned. The amendment had given a one year relaxation period to clear the exist ing stocks but this omission further weakened the legislation.

Economic Environment of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Economic Environment of China - Essay Example This issue is one of the most sought after topics for the researchers because in the recent years a lot of flexibility has been allowed in the economic system of China. There are several sectors where the private players are being allowed to exist in the market. The stringent restrictions on the property rights of the country have also been relaxed. The paper also analyses the economic systems that the other developed and developing countries have adopted. The comparison of the economic systems provides an insight into the various pros and cons of the set ups that are existent across the world. The fundamental premise for the contention is that the economic structure and the systems of a particular economy are a major determinant of the growth and prosperity of the economy. The world has witnessed the set up of different kinds of economic systems over different eras. There are various countries that have adopted different theories and have tried to implement them into their economies . The economic set up that China, Russia or Poland have followed the socialist structure while that of the US or German Economy have adopted the capitalist set up. In this paper comparison of China has been done with the other countries that work on a different economic model. A variety of economic systems around the world can be observed. In the Capitalist economic system which is alternatively called the market economy, the forces of demand and supply are allowed to operate. The prices and quantities to be sold are determined in the free market and there is no restriction put by the government on the determination of the prices that are sold in the market. Thus the profit or surplus that is earned by the owners of the means of production remains on their hands and the employees or the workers are eligible for salaries or wages (Gardner 27). The economic structure of the United States is of the capitalist type because this ideology has been applied in the economic system of the Uni ted States. In an alternative system that is the Socialist structure of the economy, the entire ownership of the means of the production lies with the government of the country. In this kind of a socialist system the surplus that is derived out of the production of goods and services after the payment of the wages are equitably distributed among the people that constitute the residents of the entire nation. Even the disabled people who directly cannot contribute to the production get an equal share of the surplus as the wage earners are entitled to. The main proponents of the theory of socialism were Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. They believed in the theory of class struggle and the theory of surplus value. A third kind of economic system that has the quality of both the capitalist structure and the socialist structure is the mixed economy. In this kind of an economic structure, the public and the private sector institutions coexist (Conklin 37). The government of such mixed econo mies does not interfere into the activities of the private sector directly but they do have certain restrictions imposed on them in the form of legal and constitutional regulations. The economy of India is an example of mixed economy where there is the coexistence of the private and the government players in the markets. Literature review The

The Broadway Cafe Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Broadway Cafe - Research Paper Example The researcher states that one of the significant issues faced by the Broadway Cafà © has been that it does not have a computer system. In the modern day context, computers have significantly enhanced the way the companies operate in their respective industries. There has been significant advancement in technology, thus, the businesses that do not make use of the information system technology are at disadvantage in comparison to their competitors. By installing information system technology in Broadway Cafe, the orders can be recorded in the computer systems. The management will be capable of recording all the orders in the system as this will reduce the time required for taking orders and, therefore, the management will be able to pay due attention to other activities of the business. If the company is capable of managing its operations successfully then in such circumstances, the sales and the profitability of the company can be enhanced. It will permit the company to cut expenses because by updating information technology in an organization, there will be lesser requirement of employee force. Also, the names of the recipes for the baked goods and soups may be stored in the computers. E-Business is applied broadly in modern day business context. It is used to facilitate companies though the use of internet and communication technologies. It would be beneficial for Broadway Cafe to make use of internet as one of the significant tools for the purpose of ordering the goods and services. It is crucial for the company to create its own website via which it can trade its goods and services online and reach wider number of customers. It is because of the e-business technologies that Broadway Cafe will be capable of offering its customers with greater customer service, increase its sales volume, streamline its business processes and minimize the rising costs (Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation, 2012). Creation of Online Community By creating online commun ity, Broadway Cafe will be capable of understanding the needs, interests and desires of the customers and will also be capable of connecting with other people who share similar interests. Facebook and Twitter are considered to be well known social networking sites that connect millions of people. Therefore, if Broadway Cafe is capable of creating its page in these sites then it will be able to make a large number of people aware about its products and services. Wireless Network The conventional network concept of the wired users is becoming obsolete. It is because of the increasing use of the wireless LANs, the data can be easily accessible to the users and, therefore, it may lead to productive and effective workforce. By installing wireless network in the Cafe, customers will be capable of accessing internet in their laptops and will be capable of working effectively. The customers may prefer spending prolonged hours within the cafe. This will have a significant impact upon the sal es and profitability of the company (Golden West Technology & Internet Solutions, 2012). CRM to Implement Marketing Campaigns and Sales Strategies In order to identify the ever-increasing customer demands, most of the companies in the recent times tend to implement a customer relationship management strategy so that it can administer the customer-facing methods of their business.

Jaws and the Growth Machine Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Jaws and the Growth Machine - Movie Review Example At a time when there is little growth of the economy in general and that of cities n particular, it is worth re-looking at the idea of the city as merely an engine for growth. This movie seeks to enlighten us that what binds alll the eople in cities s their desire for growth. This seems a plausible argument because after all, people move to cities to seek employment opportunities and access other services that villages might not offer. Even more provocative however, is the attemt by the movie to suggest that the city mostly serves the interests of a few elite at the expense of the majority. This will be a provocative idea for all of eternity. The idea that people who apply themselves to the same extent cannot reap the full benefits vis a vis some who barely apply themselves is hugely controversial and for good reasons. America is knon as a land of opportunity. Those who work the hardest should be most rewarded! On the whole, this is a controversial movie that is worth watching from time to time. It suggests that the desire for growth seems to have overtaken the desire for equality and fairness. It is even more so because in the current economic climate, brought about by unbrided capitalism, remedies should be sought to correct the ever-growing poverty

Financing the Short Term Obligations of The Business Assignment - 1

Financing the Short Term Obligations of The Business - Assignment Example b. Retained earnings Retained earnings are profits that have been retained within the business for use in the operation of the business instead of being paid out as dividends to its shareholders. One of the operational uses of profits retained in the business is meeting the business short-term obligations. c. Capital Market Sourcing funds through the capital market simply meant getting additional funds through the issuance of new shares of stocks. If a company is unquoted, it simply has to obtain a Stock Exchange quotation to be able to issue shares of stocks to raise funds for the operation of the business (Macdonald and Cheng 1997). d. Financial leases Finance leases are lease agreements between the user of the leased asset (the lessee) and a provider of finance (the lessor) during the leased asset’s useful life (Macdonald and Cheng 1997). This arrangement is usually resorted to in obtaining fixed assets whereby a creditor agrees to act as the lessor by purchasing the asset and lease it to a company. The company will then use the asset and make regular payments to the creditor under the team of the lease (Macdonald and Cheng 1997). II. ... In fiscal year 2009, it experienced a slowdown due to the adverse macroeconomic conditions that includes high unemployment rate caused by the financial crisis in addition to H1N1 pandemic. It still managed to increase its net earnings during the year of comparison (2009). Liquidity Ratio Current Ratio (Current assets/current liability) Current assets (in million) 370.6 Current liabilities 482.3 Current ratio .76 Acid test (Cash + Accounts Receivable + Short-term investment/current liability) Cash 121.7 Accounts Receivable 130 + Total cash and equivalents 251.7 Current liability 482.3 / Acid ratio .52 Efficiency Creditor days 16.78 (see appendix) Debtor days (debt/salesx365 days) 67.5 million/2,537.4 million x 365 days =9.7 days Inventory turnover = 0 (see appendix) McDonalds McDonald's is the leading global foodservice retailer with more than 33,000 local restaurants serving nearly 68 million people in 119 countries each day (McDonalds 2012). It is headquartered in the US and derives its revenue mainly from rent, royalties and fees paid by its franchises in addition to the company sales. McDonalds is also one of the most recognizable brands in the world. Financial Analysis Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio (Current assets/current liability) Current assets(in millions) 3,416 Current liabilities 2,988.70 / Current ratio 1.14 Acid test (Cash + Accounts Receivable + Short-term investment/current liability) Cash 1,796.0 Accounts receivable 1,060.4 + Total 2,856.4 Current liabilities 2,988.70 / Acid test ratio .96 Efficiency Creditor days 18.44 (see appendix) Debtor days (debt/salesx365 days) 181 million/22,744.70 million x 365 days =9.7 days Inventory turnover = 117 Summary 2009 Burger King McDonalds Current Ratio .76 1.14

How did Stanton recalculate the definition of self-evident truths Essay

How did Stanton recalculate the definition of self-evident truths - Essay Example lution do not only consist of change process via ethnic relations, but since movements in the aim to advance civil rights emerged as well at various points in history, their heavy criticisms upon the four models of social change managed to recalculate the view of self-evident truths. Eventually, for Elizabeth Cady Stanton, recalculation of truths applies further to more specific issues of evaluating differences between the dominant and the non-dominant groups. Ethnic social relations that were classified by Frederickson as hierarchy, assimilation, pluralism, and separatism each possess a characteristic definition. For one, hierarchy manifests the conspicuous evidence of truth in the manner nature takes its course as men of dominant race or culture share privileges among themselves, excluding their weaker counterparts whom they consider to be inferior. It may be widely perceived herein that social inequality is the natural order of truth and there seems no way of having the non-dominant blend with the dominant of the society for the borders that distinguish one from the other are fixed and significantly rigid. Assimilation, on the other hand, takes on a more subtle, rather considerate treatment by approving outcasts as in a situation where the superior in-groups tolerate acceptance of the inferior out-groups for as long as the latter make the effort to ‘assimilate’ or establish conformity to the attitude, sense of fashion, or beliefs of the former. Even more flexible in structure is pluralism the theory of which promotes respect for cultural diversity so that this enables abolition of typically unfavorable judgments upon ethnicities on the basis of color and racial origins. Instead, a pluralistic society encourages distinctions and social relation that supports the prevailing state of democracy from which to measure the level of civilization attained. Separatism being a form of pluralism, in the definition of Frederickson, may then be achieved upon full

Sound Pollution Essay Example for Free

Sound Pollution Essay It focuses not on the cliched environmental problems such as Global warming, but on an issue that is quite exceptional in nature- Noise Pollution. Its name quite clearly outlines its aim and purpose of existence*- ‘Awaaz’ is a Hindi word that means- Voice. Sometimes, in everyday language, it is also used in reference to noise. Voice, noise. Perfect. Its aim is to counter noise pollution. It may sound weird, but noise pollution is one of the most prominent environmental pollutants in India. It is quite exclusive to the metropolitan cities in India-Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Bengaluru etc. Literally: Noise pollution is encountered almost every day in such places, whereas in the rural areas, it occurs periodically- noise pollution peaks during festivals- the beating of drums, trumpets, loud speakers, fire crackers, bombs etc add to the high-decibel noise made by the people during the harvest festivals and other religious festivities. In the cities and other urban sites, we can note that noise pollution is higher than usual during election times- the politicians about a hundred from each political party, which itself count up to seven hundred fifty from all over the nation, use loudspeakers that cross the maximum noise limit approved by the Supreme Court of India. The maximum decibel limit ranges between 125 and 145 db (db- Decibel; unit to measure the noise level) Especially during Diwali- a famous festival of light celebrated all over India by Hindus- involves bursting of firecrackers and bombs. These explosions and lights are mainly incorporated into these festivals to express joy and festivity. However, when a test to check the noise pollution caused by the firecrackers, was performed by the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) and Awaaz Foundation before Diwali, it was found that at least 8 crackers crossed the decibel limits by considerable amount. Following many such incidents, the Awaaz Foundation has been quite active in spreading awareness of the ill effects of noise pollution by helping to shape up the government policies on the same. It has also organized two seminars: The first on the pollutant – Loudspeaker on October 2004 and the next concentrates on noise pollution caused by traffic and construction sites- the latter was conducted on February 2006. To talk about the actual effect that Awaaz has managed to create in the lives of the Mumbai citizens a) Several strategies and policies suggested by the Awaaz Foundation were accepted the Government of Mumbai and were implemented such as: Incorporation of noise parameters in the construction sites of the Mumbai- Nhava Trans Harbor Sea Link. Also it has agreed to be a Silence Zone after completion of the construction. Silence zone: region around a noise-producing source in which the noise is not audible. b) Under the foundations influence, a ‘No Horn’ day has also come into practice. c) Noise Barriers have been introduced in the roads of Mumbai. d) Under its efforts, many other places have been declared Silence Zones. e) Monitoring of sound levels, especially during festivals and Political rallies have led to considerable decrease in noise pollution in Mumbai.Other activities undertaken by this foundation to gradually improve the environment of Mumbai are: Banning of Sand Mining in several Beaches, organizing a Workshop that discusses alternative methods on building and construction that do not use sand and participation in the Mumbai Tree Association are also its other initiatives. However these are not that prominent compared to their role in preventing Noise Pollution. Reference http://www.indianexpress.com/news/decible-levels/703669/